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الفراغ المغري في مدخل البحر الأحمر

يمكن الانطلاق من مفهوم واحد جامع يفسّر كل ما يجري حول مدخل البحر الأحمر والقرن الأفريقي: الفراغ المُغري. ليس الفراغ هنا توصيفًا بل حكمًا سياسيًا. منطقة تتآكل فيها الدولة، تتراجع فيها السيادة، وتختفي القدرة على فرض القرار، فتتحول الجغرافيا من عبء على أهلها إلى إغراء لغيرهم. وفي العلاقات الدولية، الفراغ دائما يجد من يملأه. كل فراغ سيملأه أحدهم مدخل البحر الأحمر ليس مجرد ممر ملاحي، بل عقدة ربط بين المحيط الهندي وقلب المتوسط، وبين تجارة العالم وسلاسل الطاقة والأمن. ومع تفكك الصومال، وانقسام اليمن، واضطراب السودان، وتحوّل إريتريا إلى دولة مغلقة شديدة الهشاشة، تشكّل فراغ استراتيجي واسع، لا تحرسه دولة قادرة ولا تحكمه منظومة إقليمية مستقرة. القاعدة القديمة هنا تعمل بلا استئذان: كل فراغ سيملؤه أحدهم، لا بالضرورة الأكثر شرعية، بل الأكثر قدرة. الفرق بين الرغبة والقدرة كثير من الدول تعلن أن أمن البحر الأحمر “حيوي” أو “مصيري”. لكن السياسة لا تُقاس بالتصريحات، بل بالفرق بين الرغبة والقدرة. الرغبة شعور، أما القدرة فهي ميزانية، وقواعد، وأسطول، واستدامة. امتلاك مصلحة في حرية الملاحة لا يعني امتلاك ال...

1- the legitimacy of political system ( I mean by legitimacy the persuasion of the overwhelming majority of the people and the political groups that the ruling 
regime has the right to rule) Sisi regime built its legitimacy after the ouster of Mohamed Morsi in July 3, 2013. Sisi was reading the ouster statement in a 
place where he was surrounded by the Army generals, the religious leaders and the presidents of the political parties including the prominent Figure Mohamed El 
Baradiey the head of Dostour party and the then vice president. these figures gave the legitimacy to the ouster and to the whole regime after Morsy. their 
withdrawal from the third step of the road map could be interpreted as a kind of legitimacy erosion. many allies of Sisi's regime are turning to join his 
opposition 

2- the symbolism; Mohamed El Baradiey,the founder of Dostour Party, for many of the revolutionary activists are one of the revolution's icons. many of the 
young activists joined his party, so the withdrawal of Mohamed El Baradiey from the scene and the withdrawal of his party from the elections is one more 
evidence for these activists that Sisi regime represents what they call the counter-revolution. that may cause more problems for the regime with these 
activists. 

3- the stability and integration; the political system will be more stable as long as it integrates more groups to be represented into its mechanism including 
the elections. if more people are not represented, that will lead to more instability, and cause more problems. when the elections are not effective enough to 
represent different social and political groups, they may resort to revolution or at least mobilize anger against the regime. 

4- the personalities: in Dostour we have Mohamed El Baradiey the founder of the Party, who has both national and international weight, and Halla Shukrallah the 
first woman serves as a head of an Egyptian Party since 1940s and the second in the Egyptian history. Ahmed Harara, the revolutionary icon who lost his both 
eyes in the uprising. in Strong Egypt we have Abdelmoniem Abul Fotouh the former presidential candidate who got more than 4000,000 votes in 2012 presidential 
elections. 

5- how this step can influence the elections? 
nothing may happen from legal point of view, the law will not be changed. and the elections will not be cancelled, but the political system will not be stable 
as more political groups don't acknowledge it. which may lead to more instability.

the famous picture, in which Abdel Fattah El Sisi announces the army declaration in July 3, 2013, surrounded by the then allies, is attached.


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